La metáfora de la pirámide deportiva: el efecto trickle down y up en España / Sport Pyramid Metaphor: Trickle Down and Up Effect in Spain

La metáfora de la pirámide deportiva (efecto trickle down y trickle up) es utilizada por la administración para justificar la inversión en el deporte de élite. Las evidencias de este efecto son difusas y estudios previos ponen en entredicho su veracidad. Este artículo examina el efecto de esta metáfora en España. Mediante coeficientes de correlaciones de Spearman (ρ), se estudia la relación entre el éxito deportivo y la evolución de las licencias federativas de 23 modalidades deportivas, desde 1992 hasta 2016. Los resultados muestran tres grupos distintos: 1) aquellos con indicios de la posible existencia de los efectos trickle down y up; 2) aquellos que muestran correlaciones negativas entre número de licencias y éxito deportivo; y 3) aquellos que no muestran ninguna relación entre variables. En conclusión, se corrobora que no existe una evidencia clara y generalizada que confirme la existencia de la metáfora de la pirámide deportiva en España

The sports pyramid metaphor (trickle down and trickle up effect) has been used by several governments to justify their public investments in elite sport. The scientific evidence of this effect is fragmented, previous studies question their veracity. This study examines the effect of the sports pyramid metaphor in Spain. Using Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ), we tested for possible relationships between sporting success and the evolution of the federation membership history of 23 sports modalities during 1992-2016. According to results, three different groups of sports could be identified: 1) those that could be assumed to present both trickle down and up effects; 2) those with negative correlations between sporting success and membership figures; and 3) sports that do not show any relationships between those variables. As a conclusion, it is stated that there is no clear and generalized evidence to confirm the existence of the sport pyramid metaphor in Spain

Evaluación postural y análisis del equilibrio en principiantes de esquí nórdico / Postural evaluation and balance analysis in nordic skiing beginners

Se trata de un estudio de diseño transversal con evaluación del control postural antes-después de un curso de iniciación al esquí nórdico (5 jornadas, 6h/día), a un grupo experimental de 25 sujetos, participantes de la formación, y un grupo control de 8 sujetos. Se pretende evaluar el efecto de un entrenamiento inicial de esquí nórdico sobre el control postural en jóvenes deportistas. La estabilidad corporal se evaluó por medio de un test estabilométrico, calculando el área de desviación del centro de presiones por medio de una plataforma de fuerzas con sensores electrónicos. No se aprecian diferencias significativas en el grado de mejora del equilibrio entre el grupo experimental y el grupo control. Nuevos estudios con una mayor exigencia en la formación en esquí nórdico y un mayor número de sujetos en el grupo control son requeridos (AU)

Cross-sectional study with evaluation of postural control before and after a course of initiation to Nordic skiing (5 days, 6 hours per day). The sample consisted of an experimental group of 25 subjects participated in the training and a control group of 8 subjects. It is intended to evaluate the effect of initial training of Nordic skiing on postural control in young athletes. The physical stability was evaluated by a stabilometric test, calculating the deviation of the area of the center of pressures by the use of a force platform with electronic sensors. No significant differences were observed in the degree of improvement of the balance between the experimental group and the control group. New studies with a greater emphasis on training in Nordic skiing and a greater number of subjects in the control group are required (AU)

New clinical index for drug-induced gingival overgrowth.

The numbers of patients using medications that induce gingival overgrowth are expanding rapidly. The tremendous increase in the number of organ transplants being performed, each requiring treatment with the immunosuppressive drug of choice, cyclosporine, has created a new dilemma in management of the gingival tissues. Additionally, cyclosporine-induced hypertension is frequently treated with calcium channel blockers, such as nifedipine, both drugs acting synergistically to induce gingival overgrowth. At present, the profession lacks a well-defined and easy-to-use clinical index for classifying overgrown gingival tissue. This article describes a comprehensive, yet simple, scoring system for enlarged tissues that may provide direction to the clinician and standardize evaluation. This system may also give guidance for the most appropriate time for surgical treatment of drug-induced gingival overgrowth.

Multimodal treatment of drug-induced gingival hyperplasia in a kidney transplant patient.

Medical advances for treating organ diseases have resulted in thousands of organ transplants being performed each year. Every patient receiving a transplanted organ will also be placed on drugs that may induce gingival hyperplasia as a side effect. This article discusses the multiphasic approach to treating the disfiguring hyperplasia through chemical and mechanical plaque control, surgical removal of the tissue by lasers, and postsurgical rinses with folate.